What is meant by reform differs greatly
among the Eastern European countries.  The concept has political as well
as economic implications.  In some cases, reform took the form of
attaching marginal market incentives to a socialist economy.  In others,
it represented political as well as institutional change, particularly
since 1990.  In China, as we note below, the individual reform steps
have been quite drastic even though political institutions have not been
overthrown.<P>